Importance of Mangrove Ecosystems

MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM

The basic coastal ecosystems are critically linked in such a way that there is a mutual exchange of benefits between and among these ecosystems. For instance, the algae and bacteria growing in the healthy mangrove forest and seagrass beds are vital to the nutrients needed by the coral reef animals. Moreover, mangrove and seagrass habitats serve as nursery grounds and feeding areas for coral reef and small pelagic fish.

The disruption of one ecosystem affects the whole coastal environment, which as a consequence leads to loss of life and property.

Mangroves provide numerous products and benefits. Mangroves provide good nurseries for the young animals because the extensive rooting structures serve as hiding places for young fish, shrimp, crabs and other animals in the sea. This protection, along with the abundant food supply that comes from mangrove leaves, makes mangrove areas very good nurseries. For every hectare of mangrove cut down, a corresponding reduction in fish catch is estimated at 1.08 tons per hectare per year.

One great benefit of mangroves is the nutrients produced from decomposing leaf litter. Known as “detritus” these small pieces, almost invisible to the naked eye is broken down by bacteria, fungi and micro-organisms that serves as nutritious food for shellfish, shrimps, and fish. A healthy mangrove can contribute about 3.65 tons of litter per hectare per year that helps maintain the delicate food chain or food web of the coastal ecosystem.

The crown and stem of mangroves serve as physical barriers. Their specialized roots trap and hold sediments and siltation from the uplands. Further, mangroves promote clear water and the growth of corals and seagrasses.

Mangroves provide shelter for local and migratory birds, and other interesting animals making mangrove forests attractive ecological destinations and field laboratories for biology and ecology students, researchers, birdwatchers and tourist. The Olango Island Wildlife Sanctuary is one example in Cebu.

Mangroves are good source of wood and timber and nipa shingles for housing materials, firewood, charcoal. Some mangrove species have medicinal value; others provide tannin for leather preservation and dyes for cloth. The sap are even used in some areas for food, including fermented drinks.

Aqua-culture and commercial fisheries depend on mangroves, for young and mature fish species. While crabs, fish and prawns are also harvested for human consumption.